Viceroys of India (1858—Aug 14, 1947) - Part - II

Viceroys of India (1858—Aug 14, 1947) - Part - II

Lord Canning (1856—1862)

• The last Governor General and the first Viceroy. Mutiny took place in his time.
• On Nov.1858, the rule passed on to the crown. Withdrew Doctrine of Lapse.
• The Universities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were established in 1857. Indian Councils Act was passed in 1861.

Lord Elgin (1862-1863)

• Lord Lawrence (1864-1869)
• Telegraphic communication was opened with Europe.
• High courts were established at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1865. Expanded canal works and railways

Lord Mayo (1869-1872)

• Started the process of financial decentralization in India.
• Established the Rajkot College at Kathiarwar and Mayo college at Ajmer for the Indian princes.
• For the first time in Indian history, a census was held in 1871.
• Organised the Statistical Survey of India Was the only Viceroy to be murdered in office by a Pathan convict in the Andamans in 1872.

Lord Northbrook (1872-1876)

Lord L.Ytton (1876-1880)

• Known as the Viceroy of reverse characters.
• Organised the Grand ‘Delhi Durbar’ in 1877 to decorate Queen
• Victoria with the title of ‘Kaiser-i-Hind’.
• Arms Act (1878) made it mandatory for Indians to acquire license for arms.
• Passed the infamous Vernacular Press Act (1878).

Lord Ripon (1880-1884)

• Liberal person, who sympathized with Indians.
• Vernacular Press Act (1882)
• Passed the local self— government Act (1882).
• Took steps to improve primary & secondary education (on William ,Hunter Commission’s recommendations).
• The I Factory Act, 1881, aimed at prohibiting child labour was passed.

Lord Dufferin (1884-1888)

• Indian National Congress was formed during his tenure.

Lord Lansdowne (1888-1894)

• II Factory Act (1891) granted a weekly holiday and stipulated
• working hours for women and children, although it failed to address concerns such as work hours for men.
• Categorization of Civil Services into Imperial, Provincial and Subordinate.
• Indian Council Act of 1892 was passed.

 Lord Elgin II (1894-1899)

• Great famine of 1896-1897. Lyall Commission was appointed.

Lord Curzon (1899-1 905)

• Passed the Indian Universities Act (1904) in which official control over the Universities was increased.
• Partitioned Bengal (October 16, 1905) into two provinces Bengal (proper) East Bengal & Assam.
• Appointed a Police Commission under Sir Andrew Frazer to enquire into the police administration of every province.
• The risings of the frontier tribes in 1897-98 led him to create the North Western Frontier Province (NWFP).
• Extended railways to a great extent.

Lord Minto (1905-1910)

• There was great political unrest in India. Various acts were passed to curb the revolutionary activities. Extremists like Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh (in May, 1907) and Bal Gangadhar Tilak (in July, 1908) were sent to Mandalay jail in Burma.
• The Indian Council Act of 1909 or the Morley-Minto Reforms was passed.

Lord Hardinge (1910-1916)

• Held a durbar in Dec, 1911 to celebrate the coronation of King George V.
• Partition of Bengal was cancelled (1911); capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi (1911). Delhi was made capital in place of Calcutta.
• A bomb was thrown at him, but he escaped unhurt (Dec,23 1912). Gandhiji came back to India from South Africa (1915).
• Annie Besant announced the Home Rule Movement.

Lord Chelmsford (1916-1921)

• August Declaration of 1917, whereby control over the Indian government would be gradually transferred to the Indian people. The government of India Act in 1919 (Montague-Chelmsford)

Lord Reading (1921-1926)

• Rowlatt Act was repealed along with the Press Act of 1910.
• Communal riots of 1923-25 in Multan, Amritsax Delhi, etc.
• Swami Shraddhanand, a great nationalist and a leader of the Arya
• Samajists, was murdered in communal orgy.

Lord Irwin (1926-1931)

• Simon Commission visited India in 1928.
• Congress passed the Indian Resolution in 1929.
• Dandi March (Mar 12, 1930).

Civil Disobedience Movement (1930).

• First Round Table Conference held in England in 1930.
• Gandhi - Irwin Pact (Mar 5, 1931) was signed and Civil Disobedience Movement was withdrawn.
• Martyrdom of Jatin Das after 64 days hunger strike (1929).

Lord Willingdon (1931-1936)

• Second Round Table Conference in London in 1931.
• On his return Gandhiji was again arrested and Civil Disobedience Movement was resumed in Jan. 1932.
• Communal Awards (Aug 16, 1932) assigned seats to different religious communities. Gandhiji went on a epic fast in protest against this division.
• Third Round Table Conference in 1932

Lord Linlithgow (1936-1944)

• Govt. of India Act enforced in the provinces. Congress ministries formed in 8 out of 11 provinces. They remained in power for about 2 years till Oct 1939, when they gave up offices on the issue of India having been dragged into the II World War. The Muslim League observed the day as ‘Deliverance Day’
• Churchill became the British PM in May, 1940. He declared that the Atlantic Charter (issued jointly by the UK and US, stating to give sovereign rights to those who have been forcibly deprived of them does not apply to India.
• Outbreak of World War II in 1939.
• Cripps Mission in 1942.
• Quit India Movement (August 8, 1942).

Lord Wavell (1944-1947)

• Arranged the Shimla Conference on June 25, 1945 with Indian National Congress and Muslim League; failed.
• Cabinet Mission Plan (May 16, 1946).
• Elections to the constituent assembly were held and an Interim
• First meeting of the constituent assembly was held on Dec. 9, 1946.

Lord Mountbatten (MAR.1947-AUG.1947)

• Last Viceroy of British India and the first Governor General of free India.
• Partition of India decided by the June 3 Plan.
• Indian Independence Act passed by the British parliament on July 4, 1947, by which India became independent on August 15, 1947.
• Retired in June 1948 and was succeeded by C. Rajagopalachari (the first and the last Indian Governor General of free India).

Delhi Postal Circle PA/SA Re-Exam 2015 Official Answer key Out

Delhi Postal Circle PA/SA Re-Exam 2015 Official Answer key Out

Dear Readers,

A very good news for all the candidates who had appeared in the Re-examination of Delhi Postal Circle for the post of Postal Assistant (PA) and Sorting Assistant (SA) which was held on 22nd March 2015. The department has just released the answer key.You can download the answer key with Paper given below.

• Click here to Download the Answer Key

 Note: Feel free to share your marks in Comment Section.

Governor Generals of India Part - I

Governor Generals of India Part - I

Warren Hastings Plan 1772 – 1785 :

• Brought the Dual Govt, of Bengal to an end by the Regulating Act, 1773.
• The First Anglo – Maratha War (1776 – 82), which ended with the Treaty of Salbai (1782), and the Second Anglo – Mysore War (1780 – 84), which ended with the Treaty of Mangalore (1784), were fought during Hasting’s period.

Lord Cornwallis India (1786 – 1793) :

• Did the Permanent Settlement of Bengal (also called Zamindary System).
• The civil service was brought into existence.

Lord Wellesley in India (1798 – 1805) :

• Adopted the policy of Subsidiary Alliance a system to keep the Indian rulers under control and to make the British the paramount power.
• He defeated the Mysore force under Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Anglo – Mysore War in 1799.

George Barlow (1805 – 1807)

Lord Minto I Governor General of India (1807 – 1813) 

• Concluded the treaty of Amritsar with Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1809). Charter Act of 1813 was passed.

Lord Hasting India (1813 – 1823) :

• The Anglo-Nepal War (1814 – 16) was fought during his reign which ended with the Treaty of Sagauli (1816).

 Lord Amherst (1823 – 1828)

Lord William Bentinck History (1828-1835)

• Carried out the social reforms like Prohibition of Sari (1829) and elimination of thugs (1830).
• Made English the medium ofhighereducation inthe country (Afterthe recommendations of Macaulay
• Charter Act of 1833 was passed; made him the first Governor General of India.

Sir Charles Mercalfe History (1835 – 1836) 

• Abolished all restrictions on vernacular press (called Liberator of the Press).

Lord Auckland 1842 (1836 – 1842)

• The most important event of his reign was the First Afghan War, which proved to be a disaster for the English.

Lord Ellenborough (1842 – 1844)

Lord Hardinge I (1844 – 1848)

Lord Dalhousie Reforms (1848 – 1856) 

• Opened the first Indian Railway in 1853 (from Bombay to Thane). Laid out the telegraph lines in 1853 (First was from Calcutta to Agra).
• Introduced the Doctrine of Lapse and captured Satara (1848), Jaipur and Sambhalpur (1849), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1854) and Nagpur (1854) through it.
• Established the postal system on the modern lines through the length and breadth of the country, which made communication easier.

Sub-Inspectors in Delhi Police, CAPFs & Assistant Sub Inspectors in CISF Examination 2014 - Final Result Out

Sub-Inspectors in Delhi Police, CAPFs & Assistant Sub Inspectors in CISF Examination 2014 - Final Result Out

Dear Readers,
SSC has declared the  Final Result of Sub-Inspectors in Delhi Police, CAPFs and Assistant Sub Inspectors in CISF Examination, 2014.

For Male Candidates :-

• Click here For Final Result

 For Female Candidates :-

• Click here For Final Result

For Cut - Off Marks :- Click Here

Syllabus of SSC CPO ( SI) Exam

Syllabus of SSC CPO ( SI) Exam

 Dear Readers,

As you know that Staff Selection Commission organizes recruitment for the post of CPO Sub-Inspectors in various forces. So Information about exam pattern and detailed syllabus is given here.

Exam Pattern:-

1. There are two papers in the written exam.
2. Question in both papers will be objective multiple choice type questions.

Paper-I:-  Paper-I has four sections. Information about each section is given below:-

 

	Subject	Number of Questions	Maximum Marks
Part-A	General Intelligence and Reasoning	50	50
Part-B	General Knowledge and  General Awareness	50	50
Part-C	Quantitative Aptitude	50	50
Part-D	English Comprehension	50	50

Note: Total time duration for Paper-1 is 2 hours.  There will be negative marks of 0.25 marks for each wrong answer.

Syllabus of Paper –I in Details

A. General Intelligence Reasoning:
It includes questions of both verbal and nonverbal type. This section may include questions on analogies, similarities and differences, space visualization, spatial orientation, problem solving, analysis, judgment, decision making,visual memory, discrimination, observation, relationship concepts, arithmetical reasoning and figural classification, arithmetic number series, non-verbal series, coding and decoding, statement conclusion, syllogistic reasoning etc. The topics are, Semantic Analogy, Symbolic/Number Analogy, Figural Analogy, Semantic Classification, Symbolic/Number Classification, Figural Classification, Semantic Series, Number Series, Figural Series, Problem Solving, Word Building, Coding & de-coding, Numerical Operations, symbolic Operations, Trends, Space Orientation, Space Visualization, Venn Diagrams, Drawing inferences, Punched hole/pattern-folding & un-folding, Figural Pattern- folding and completion, Indexing Address matching, Date & city matching Classification of centre codes/roll numbers, Small Capital letters/numbers coding, decoding and classification, Embedded Figures, Critical thinking, Emotional Intelligence, Social Intelligence, Other subtopics if any.

B. General Awareness

Questions in this section is aimed to test the candidates general awareness of the environment around him and its application to society. Questions will also be designed to test knowledge of current events and of such matters of every day observations and experience in their scientific aspect as may be expected of any educated person. The test will also include questions relating to India and its neighboring countries especially pertaining to History, Culture, Geography, Economic Scene, General Polity, Indian Constitution, scientific Research etc.

C. Quantitative Aptitude

The questions will be designed to test the ability of appropriate use  of numbers & number sense of the candidate. The scope of the test will be computation of  whole numbers, decimals, fractions & relationships between numbers, Percentage, Ratio and Proportion, Square roots, Averages, Interest, Profit & Loss, Discount, Algebra Partnership Business,  Mixture and Allegation, Time and distance, Time & work, Basic algebraic identities of  School Algebra and Elementary surds, Graphs of Linear Equations, Triangle and its various  kinds of centers, Congruence and similarity of triangles, Circle and its chords, tangents, angles subtended by chords of a circle, common tangents to two or more circles, Triangle , Quadrilaterals, Regular Polygons, Circle, Right Prism, Right Circular Cone, Right base, Circular Cylinder, Sphere, Hemispheres, Rectangular Parallelepiped, Regular Right Pyramid with triangular or square base, Trigonometric ratio, Degree and Radian Measures, Standard Identities, Complementary angles, Heights and Distances, Histogram, Frequency polygon, Bar diagram & Pie chart.

D. English Comprehension

Candidates‟ ability to understand correct English, his basic comprehension and writing ability, etc. would be tested.

Syllabus of Paper –II in Details.

Paper-II:-

Subject	Maximum Marks / Questions
English Language and Comprehension	200 marks 200 questions

English Language & Comprehension:

Questions in this components will be designed to test the candidate’s understanding and knowledge of English Language and will be based on

•  error recognition
•  filling in the blanks (using verb preposition, articles etc)
• Vocabulary
• Spellings
• Grammar, Sentence Structure
•   Synonyms, Antonyms,
• Sentence Completion
• Phrases and Idiomatic use of Words
•  comprehension etc.

Note1: The Commission may, at its discretion, decide to hold Paper I of the Written Examination initially and candidates shortlisted for PET/Medical Examination may only be asked to appear in Paper II subsequently.

Note 2:  The Candidates who are going to appear For CPO Exam are advised to go through the CPO Previous year Cut Off and Question Paper in order to have a better preparation. Candidates are advised to read and understand carefully the syllabus. 

SSC EXAM SCHEDULE -2015

SSC EXAM SCHEDULE -2015

Previous Year 2014 Cut off of CPO -SI & Question Paper

Previous Year 2014 Cut off of CPO -SI & Question Paper

Dear Readers

As you know that SSC has declared the initiation of the recruitment procedure for the post of CPO SI in various forces. So we are providing you previous year cut offs . Candidates have to secure minimum qualifying marks to appear in Paper-II of this exam. you can use these numbers as a bench mark for your preparation. As the exam will be online, the final cut off will vary from the previous cut offs.

CHECK SSC SI & ASI EXAM PAPER-1 CUT OFF/ MERIT LIST 2014

	SC	ST	OBC	EX. SERVICEMAN	GENERAL
CUT OFFMARKS	63.25	59.25	70.00	40.00	85.00

FINAL CUT OFF MARKS OF PAPER-I FOR FEMALE CANDIDATE:-

	SC	ST	OBC	GENERAL
CUT OFFMARKS	61.00	54.00	68.00	81.50

Pattern of Paper I:

Paper I is broadly comprises of four parts namely Reasoning and General Intelligence, General Awareness and General Knowledge, Numerical Aptitude and English Comprehension. Each of the segments consists of 50 Questions with each question carrying a mark of one. Thus the total marks in each of the segment is 50 and therefore, the total marks of the paper I is 200.

• Click here CPO PAPER – 2013

IMPORTANT AMENDMENTS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

IMPORTANT AMENDMENTS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

Amendment	Year	Importance
7	1956	Reorganisation of states on linguistic basis and abolition of Class A, B, C and D states and introduction of Union Territories.
9	1960	Adjustments to Indian territory as a result of agreement with Paksitan.
10	1961	Dadra, Nagar and Haveli included in Indian Union as a Union Territory on acquisition from Portugal.
12	1961	Goa, Daman and Diu included in Indian Union as a Union Territory on acquisition from Portugal.
13	1963	The state of Nagaland formed with special protection under Article 371A.
14	1962	Pondicherry incorporated into Indian Union after transfer by France.
21	1967	Sindhi added as language in the 8th schedule.
26	1971	Privy purse paid to former rulers of princely states abolished.
36	1975	Sikim included as an Indian state.
42	1976	Fundamental Duties prescribed, India became Socialist Secular Republic.
44	1978	Right to Property deleted from the list of fundamental rights.
52	1985	Defection to another party after election made illegal.
61	1989	Voting age reduced from 21 to 18.
71	1992	Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali added as languages in the Eighth Schedule.
73	1993	Introduction of Panchayati Raj, addition of Part IX to the Constitution.
74	1993	Introduction of Nagarpalikas and Municipalities.
86	2002	Free and compulsory education to children between 6 and 14 years.
92	2003	Bodo, Dogri, Santhali and Maithli added to the list of recognised languages. Service Tax introduced.
8, 23, 45, 62, 79 and 95	1960, 1970, 1980, 1989, 2000 and 2010	Extension of reservation of seats for SC/ST and nomination of Anglo-Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies.
96	2011	Substituted Odia for Oriya in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution
The 42nd amendment was the most comprehensive amendment which had 59 clauses and carried out so many changes that it has been described as a “Mini Constitution”.
The 52nd amendment was the only amendment to be unanimously adopted by the Parliament.

Largest Deserts in the World

Largest Deserts in the World

1.  Sahara Desert, North Africa: The Sahara is the world’s largest desert. At over 9,000,000 square kilometers (3,500,000 sq mi), it covers most of Northern Africa, making it almost as large as the United States or the continent of Europe. The desert stretches from the Red Sea, including parts of the Mediterranean coasts, to the outskirts of the Atlantic Ocean.

 

2. Arabian Desert, peninsula: Arabian Desert or Eastern Desert, c.86,000 sq mi (222,740 sq km), E Egypt, bordered by the Nile valley in the west and the Red Sea and the Gulf of Suez in the east. It extends along most of Egypt’s eastern border and merges into the Nubian Desert in the south. The Arabian Desert is sparsely populated; most of its inhabitants are based around wells and springs. Today most of the desert can be accessed by roads.

3. Gobi Desert, Mongolia / N.E China:The Gobi is a large desert  region in Asia. It covers parts of northern and northwestern China, and of southern Mongolia. The desert basins of the Gobi are bounded by the Altai Mountains and the grasslands and steppes of Mongolia on the north, by the Hexi Corridor and Tibetan Plateau to the southwest, and by the North China Plain to the southeast.

4. Kalahari Desert, Southern Africa:The Kalahari Desert is a large arid to semi-arid sandy area in Southern Africa extending 900,000 square kilometers (350,000 sq), covering much of Botswana  and parts of Namibia and South Africa, as semi-desert, with huge tracts of excellent grazing after good rains. The Kalahari Desert is the southern part of Africa, and the geography is a portion of desert and a plateau. The Kalahari supports some animals and plants because most of it is not a true desert. 

5. Patagonia Desert, Argentina: The Patagonian Desert, also known as the Patagonia Desert or the Patagonian Steppe, is the largest desert in America and is the 7th largest desert in the world by area, occupying 260,000 square miles (673,000 km). It is located primarily in Argentina with small parts in Chile and is bounded by the Andes, to its west, and the Atlantic Ocean to its east, in the region of Patagonia, southern Argentina. 

6. Great Victoria Desert, Australia:The Great Victoria Desert is a barren, arid, and sparsely populated desert  ecoregion  in southern Australia. It falls inside the states of South Australia and Western Australia and consists of many small sandhills, grasslands  and salt lakes. It is over 700 kilometres (430 mi) wide (from west to east) and covers an area of 424,400 square kilometres (163,900 sq mi). 

7. Great Basin Desert, USA:The Great Basin is the largest watershed of North America which does not drain to an ocean. Water within the Great Basin evaporates since outward flow is blocked. The basin extends into Mexico and covers most of Nevada and over half of Utah, as well as parts of California, Idaho, Oregon and Wyoming. The majority of the watershed is in the North American Desert ecoregion, but includes areas of the Forested Mountain and Mediterranean California ecoregions.

8. Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico:The Chihuahuan Desert is a desert that straddles the U.S.-Mexico border in the central and northern portions of the Mexican Plateau, bordered on the west by the extensive Sierra Madre Occidental range, and overlaying northern portions of the east range, the Sierra Madre Oriental. On the U.S.  side it occupies the valleys and basins of central and southern New Mexico, Texas  west of the Pecos River and southeastern Arizona; south of the border, it covers the northern half of the Mexican state of Chihuahua, most of Coahuila, north-east portion of Durango, extreme northern portion of Zacatecas  and small western portions of Nuevo León. It has an area of about 140,000 square miles. 

9. Great Sandy Desert, Australia:The Great Sandy Desert is a 360,000 km2 (140,000 sq mi) expanse in northwestern Australia. Roughly the same size as Japan, it forms part of a larger desert area known as the Western Desert. The vast region of Western Australia is sparsely populated, without significant settlements. The Great Sandy Desert is a flat area between the rocky ranges of the Pilbara  and the Kimberley. 

10. Kara-Kum Desert, Uzbekistan / Turkmenistan: The Karakum Desert, also spelled Kara-Kum anId Gara Gum is a desert  in Central Asia. It occupies about 70 percent, or 350,000 km², of the area of Turkmenistan. Covering much of present day Turkmenistan, the Karakum Desert lies east of the Caspian Sea, with the Aral Sea to the north and the Amu Darya river and the Kyzyl Kum desert to the northeast. In modern times, with the shrinking of the Aral Sea, the extended “Aral Karakum” has appeared on the former seabed, with an estimated area of 15,440 sq. 

Notification Of SSC - SI CPO Recruitment 2015

Notification Of SSC - SI CPO Recruitment 2015

Dear Readers,
Staff Selection Commission has published the notification for CPO (Central Police Organization) 2015 which is going to be conducted on the national level for the appointment of SI posts in various Government Police Organizations namely DELHI POLICE , CISF, BSF, ITBP, SSB and CRPF.

•  Click here For Official Notification

Some Important Sports Terminology

Some Important Sports Terminology

Hello Readers,

Here is a post containing all the Important Sports Terminologies which are very important with respect to the upcoming competitive exams. Hope you all like the post..!!

Cricket:-

Some Important Measurement in Cricket
Length of Pitch	22 yards (20.11 meters)
Length of Crease	1.22 - 1.83 meters (4 ft)
Weight of Ball	155 to 163 gram
Circumference of the Ball	22.4-22.9 cm (9 inch)
Lenght of Bat	96.5 cm (38 inch)
Width of Bat	10.8 cm (4.25 inch)
Length of the Stumps	71.1 cm (28 inch)
Length of Bails	11.1 cm (each bail)

Some Important Terminology in Cricket

Played on, Appeal, Bye, Leg Bye, Power Play, Follow on, Dusara, Beamer, Hoober Shot, Lost Ball, Duckworth - Luis, Retired Hurt, Chinaman, Batsman, Bowler, Wicket Keeper, Fielder, LBW (Leg Before Wicket), Catch, Hit Wicket, Throw, Maiden over, Four, Sixer, Wide, Swing, Stroke, Cover, Mid on, Mid off, Mid Wicket, over the wicket, round the wicket, Leg spinner, Off spinner, Over throw, Over slip, Gulley, Cover point, Long off, Long on, Third man, Short pitch, Hook, Dead ball, Run out, Popping crease, Pitch, Bouncer (or Bumper), Full toss, Yorker, Yorked, Googley, Wicket Maiden, Snick, Duck, Hat-Trick, Rubber, The Ashes, Scoring a Ton etc.

Badminton:-

Some Important Measurement in Badminton
Length of court	44 fee
Width of the court	20 feet (for doubles) and 17 feet (for singles)
Height of the net	5 feet
Weight of Shuttle cock	4.74 to 5.50 gram
Overall length of the Racket	680 mm (2.5 ft) maximum
Overall width of the Racket	230 mm (9 inches) maximum
Overall length of the Racket head	290 mm (11.5 inches) maximum
Weight of the racket	85 to 140 grams

Some Important Terminology in Badminton
Badminton court, End, Trans Lines, Back gallery, Service Court, Let, Forward stroke, Backward Stroke, Toss or Lob, Clear, Smash, Net Strokes, Rally, Setting, First hand or Second hand, Side out, Base of operation, Rotation, Long service, Net Fault, Double fault, Foot fault, Service break, Match Point, Set point, High service, Cross shot, Service change, Drive, Drop shot, Duce, Advance etc.

Basketball:-

Some important measurements in Basketball
Length of the court	28 meter
Width of the court	15 meter
Height of the basket from ground	3.05 meter
Weight of the ball	600 to 650 grams

Some Important Terminology in Basketball
Dribbling, Front court, Second dribble, Two count stop, Travelling or shifting, Pivoting, Held ball, Jump ball, Violation, Foul, Feinting or Dodging, Shooting, Set shot, Ring, Guard point, Dead ball, Basket Rudnick, Hook Pass, Goal, Centre line, Free throw line, Onstead, Fast break, Lay-up shot, Man to man defence, Pack, Three point, Turn over, Assist, Throw, Goal Tending, Steal, Tap etc.

Football:-

Some Important Measurement in Football
Length of the ground (Field)	91 to 120 meters
Width of the ground (Field)	45 to 91 meters
Weight of the ball	396 to 453 grams
Circumference of the ball	98 to 71 cm

Some Important Terminology in Football
Abbey, Dribble, Extra time, Full back, Half back, Striker, Centre, Forward, Penalty kick, Free kick, Scissor kick, Goal kick, Direct kick, Corner kick, Referee, Tie breaker, Hat trick, Hand ball, Sweeper, Back, Throw in, Hand-ball (Fault), Touch line, Place Kick, or Kick off, Direct Free Kick, Indirect Free Kick, Tackle, Off side, Sliding Tackle, Drop Ball, Sudden death, Penalty shoot out etc.

Hockey:-

Some Important Measurement in Hockey
No. of Players	11 players in each team
Length of Playing field	91.44 meters
Width of the Playing field	50 to 55 meters
Weight of the Ball	155 to 163 grams
Circumference of the Ball	223- 224 cm
Colour of the Ball	White
Weight of the Hockey (Stick)	280 grams (max)

Some Important Terminology in Hockey

Advantage, Back-stick, Bully, Carry, Dribble, Dodge, Goal line, Green Card, Flick, Free hit, Face of Stick, Jab Stroke, Lung Stroke, Melle, Off side, Penalty shoot out, Short Corner, Striking circle or Shooting circle, Square pass, Tackling, Through pass, Under cutting, Stick, Penalty stroke, Scoop, Side line, Tie breaker, Penalty, Under cutting, Volley, Centre forward, Roll in, Push in, Shooting, Half volley, Full back etc.

Lawn Tennis:-

Some Important Measurement in Lawn Tennis
Length of the court	78 feet or 23.77 m (singles)
Width of the court	27 feet or 8.23 m (singles), 36 feet or 10.97 m (doubles)
Height of the net	3 feet (0.914 m)
Weight of the ball	56.0 to 59.4 gram
Maximum length of the frame of the racket	32 inches (81.28 cm)
Colour of the ball	White or Yellow

Some Important Terminology in Lawn Tennis
Ace, Advantage, A let, Back hand drive, Deuce, Chip Shot, Volley, Half Volley, Let fault, Foot fault, Double Fault, Smash, Service, Grand Slam, Singles sticks, Love, Slice.

Table Tennis:-

Some Important Measurement in Table Tennis
Length of the table	2.74 metre (9 feet)
Width of the table	1.52 metre (5 feet)
Height of the table	76 cn
Weight of the ball	2.4 to 2.53 gram
Diameter of the ball	37.2 to 38.2 mm
Colour of the ball	White or Yellow

Some Important Terminology in Table Tennis
Foil, End line, Late control, Flat hit, Block stroke, Service, Penholder grip, Back spin, Centre line, Half Court, Side spin, Swing stroke, Push Stroke, Rally, Let, Reverse, Top Spin, Drop shot, Lob, Chopped return, Counter hitting etc.

Volleyball:-

Some Important Measurement in Volleyball
Length of Court	18 meter
Width of Court	9 meter
Weight of ball	250 -260 grams
Circumference of the ball	65-67 cm
Net	1m (+/- 3cm) wide and 9.5 m long
Net's height	2.43 m (for men) and 2.24 m (for women)
Ball Internal Pressure	0.40 to 0.45 Kg/cm

Some Important Terminology in Volleyball

Antennae, Attack hit, Back zone players, Dribbling, Libero, Front Zone players, Blocking, Smash, Rotation, Boosting, Net fault, Volley Pass, Forearm pass, Service, Hook serve, Set up, Referee etc.

Chess:-

Some Important Measurement in Chess
The number of squares on a chessboard	64
Colour of the squares	White and Black

Some Important Terminology in Chess
Bishop, Gambit, Checkmate, Stalemate, Pawn, Grand-master etc.

Golf:-

Some Important Measurement in Golf
Diameter of the hole	4 inches

Some Important Terminology in Golf
Bogie, Fore some, Stymie, T, Put hole, Nib lick, Caddy, Limns, Iron, Putting, The green, Bunker etc.

Water Polo:-

Some Important Measurement in Water Polo
The Length and width of the field	30 X 20 yards

Some Important Terminology in Water Polo
2 metre line, 4 metre line, Goal line, Caps, Personal, Fault, Ball under etc.

Baseball:-

Some Important Measurement in Baseball
The distance of each base	90 feet
The distance of the base along with its hypotenuse	127 feet

Some Important Terminology in Baseball
Home, Diamond, Pitcher, Put out, Home run, Strike, Ant rubber etc.

Billiards:-

Some Important Terminology in Billiards
Cue, Jigger, Pot, Break Pot, In luck, In off, Cans, Bolting, Hazard, Long etc.

Rifle Shooting:-

Some Important Terminology in Rifle Shooting
Target, Bulls eye, Muzzle flub etc

Kho-Kho:-

Some Important Terminology in Kho-Kho
Chasers, Active Chaser, Runners, Diving, Taking a direction, To recede, Tapping, Trapping, Dupe turn, Late Kho, Giving Kho, Fake Kho etc.

Swimming:-

Some Important Terminology in Swimming
Crawl, Breast stroke, Spring Board, Twist, Butter fly etc.

Boxing:-

Some Important Measurement in Boxing
Length and width of the ring	Minimum 4.9X4.9 m square and maximum 6.10X6.10 m square

Some Important Terminology in Boxing
Punch, Upper cut, Round, Jab, Hook, Knock down, Knock out, Hitting willow, Ring, Break, Bell, Belt, Blow, Bounce, Bout etc.

Polo:-

Some Important Measurement in Polo
Length of the field	300 yards,
Width of the field	150 yards
Distance between the goals	250 yards
Distance between the goal points	8 yards

Some Important Terminology in Polo
Bunker, Chuker, Mallet etc

Wrestling:-

Some Important Measurement in Wrestling
In International Competitions there is a circular area with 9 metre diameter with circle in the centre of 1 metre diameter. Competitions played on a mattress, the mattress is 1:1 metre diameter high

Some Important Terminology in Wrestling
Heave, Half, Nelson, Rebuts, Hold sager etc